Apparatus for governing fluid-pressure impulse-motors.



No. 726,175. v PATENTED APR. 21,1903.

J. W. MAGFARLANE.

APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING FLUID PRESSURE IMPULSE MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED 09128, 1902. N0 MODEL. BSHEETS-SHEET 2.

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I J. W. MAOPARLAN A APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING FLUID PRESSURE IMPULSEMOTORS.

APPLIOATION FILED OCT. 28. 1902.

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APPLICATION FILED OCT. 28, 1902.

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w/r/vessssv PATENTED APR. 21, 1903.

J. W. MAGFARLANE. APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING FLUID PRESSURE IMPULSE MOTORS.

APPLICATION PILED OOT. 28. 1902.

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I 'PATENTED APR.-21, 1903. J. W. MAcFARLANE. APPARATUS FOR GOVERNINGFLUID PRESSURE IMPULSE MOTORS.

APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 28. 1902.

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M M A A UNITED STATES PATE T OFFI JAMES WRIGHT'MAGFARLANE, 0F GLASGOW,SCOTLAND.

APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING FLUID-PRESSURE IMPULSE-MOTORS.

SPECIFICATION formingfpart of Letters Patent N 0. 726,175, dated April21, 1903.

Application filed October 28, 1902. Serial No. 129,131. (No model.)

FARLANE, a subject of the King of Great Britaim and Ireland, and aresident of Kingston,

.in the county of Glasgow, Scotland, (whose postal address is 98 Dundasstreet, Kingston; in the county of Glasgow, Scotland,)have in: ventedImprovements in Apparatus for Gov erning Fluid-Pressure Impulse-Motors,:(for which I have applied for a British patent, No. 21,77 t, datedOctober 7, 1902,) of-which the following is a specification.

My said invention has for its object to im? prove apparatus forgoverning fluid"- pres-v sure impulse-motors-such, for example, as whatare known as Pelton wheelsso that while such governing device will-besimple and of comparatively inexpensive construction it will act in anefficient and satisfactory manner in regulating the speed of the motor.In such motors a jet of fluid under pressure acts on cups or vanesarranged around a wheel on a shaft from which the power generatedistransmitted by any 'suitablegearing, and ac= cording to my invention themovement of the usual conical plunger for constricting the area of thejet-orifice'when the speed ofthe motor becomes excessive and governingbe? comes necessary is accomplished by providg ing a valve operated by agovernor to control an outlet from a chamber to which the pressurefluidhas access by leakage and in which a piston part carrying suchplunger works. The valve controls the escape of leakage from suchchamber, so that the pressure of the fluid in such chamber isdeterminedaccording to the speed of the motor and so that such pressure with orwithout the assistance of a spring also determines the movements of theconstricting-plunger. -The governor operating the leakage-controllingvalve may be of the improved construction hereinafter described or itmay be-of anysuitable known type.

In order that my said invention and the manner of performing'thesame'm'ay be properly understood, I have hereunto appended six sheetsofexplanatory drawings, to be hereinafter referred toin particularlydescribing my improvements.

Figures 1 and 2 are elevations, as at right angles to each other,showing the application of my improvements in connection with a Pe1- 7ton wheel. Fig. 3 is a vertical section, drawn to a larger scale,showing the jet-nozzle part and constricting-plunger of such motor asmade with the controlling device. Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical sections,as at right angles to each other, of the improved form of governorprovided to operate the controlling device. Fig. 6 is a vertical sectionshowing a slight variation of the controlling device.

V In the drawings the same reference-letters are used to mark the sameor like parts wherever they are'repeated.

Asshown'in'Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings, the motor A is made with ajet-nozzle part A,projecting more or less into the casing of the motorand to which the fluid under pressure has access by an opening A A tubeBi'is secured {within the nozzle part A, dividing it into two chambers'A'A within the inner'o'ne of which there works a piston part A carryingth'e'usual conical constrictingplunger A used for constricting the areaof the'j'et-oriflc'e when governing becomes necessary,.as is wellunderstood, this plunger A being shown in its lowest position in Fig. 3.The plunger-piston A is hollow and has withinit a spriugA", guided on arod A extending down from a cap A closing the upper endof-the i-nn'erchamber A, the lever end of the rod A -als'o'ser'ving as a stop to limitthe travel'of the piston A when moved up, as'hereinafter described.By-pass ports B B are formedthrough the lower end of the plunger-pistonA ,-so' that a certain determined leakage of the'pressure fluid willtake place'into the inner chamberA the fluid thus entering the chamberpassing off, as hereinbefore described, from its upper end by an outletBflcommunicating with a chamber B surrounding the upper end of thechamber A andconnected by a drain-pipe B with the interior of themotor-casing. If desired, the

by-pass ports B B ma be'dispensed with, the

leakage of the pressure fluid into -the inner .side of the chamber Bthis tube B being shown in Fig. 3 in the same plane as the drainpipe Bfor clearness in the drawings. The end of the rod B, which projectsbeyond the outer end of the tube B within which it works, has secured onit a pulley O, to which is attached chains or cords 0 0 extending one,C, from a spring C secured to the motor-casing, (or a weight anddash-pot may be used instead of a spring,) and the other, 0 from acentrifugal governor, which consists of a pulley part 0*, to which thechain is attached and which is on a disk C made with a rim or flange C.This disk 0 and the pulley part 0* is loose on a sleeve or hearing D,

carrying one end of the motor-shaft D. On the end of the shaft Dprojecting beyond the rim C of the disk C there is keyed a second disk Dwhich has secured to its inner face one end of each of two blade-springsD D, the opposite ends of which carry weighted friction-blocks D D.These blocks are shaped to suit theinner circumference of the flangeddisk C C; but they are kept from hearing on same by springs E Estretching between them and of sufficient power to pull them inward andhold them against stops E E fixed to the disk D when the motor isrunning normally. Y

When itis desired to start the motor A, the presure fluid is admitted bythe opening A to the outer chamber A of the nozzle part A, and as thearea of the lower end of the piston part A is larger than that of theconical constricting-plunger A the piston is forced upward against theaction of the spring A thus gradually withdrawing the plunger. When thebottom of the piston is hearing on the lower end of the rod A theplunger will then be so far withdrawn that the full jet of pressurefluid will pass through the orifice. At the same time a small percentageof the pressure fluid is leaking, as hereinbefore described, eitherthrough the by-pass ports 13 B or up between the piston A and tube 13into the inner chamber A, and as the outlet B is fully open when themotor is running normally the fluid thus entering the chamber A is atthe same time passing 01f by this outlet and escaping by the drain-pipeB. If, however, from any cause the speed of the motor should becomeexcessive, the increased centrifugal action will force the weightedfriction-blocks D D of the governor outward (against the action of thesprings) and cause them to bear against the inner circumference of theflange C of the disk 0 This disk 0 will then begin to revolve and towind the chain C onto the pulley part 0 causing a correspondingrevolution of the pulley O on the end of the screwed rod B which in turnwill wind up the chain 0 and distend the spring C the pull of which thusprevents too sudden action of the friction-blocks D D. This action ofthe governor by turning the pulley O on the end of the screwed rod Bcauses that rod to be screwed inward in its tube B and the valve 13 willconsequently then more or less close the outlet B This will restrict orstop the leakage of pressure fluid hereinbefore described and raise thepressure in the inner chamber A*. When the pressure is equal in both theouter and inner chambers A A, and the piston A is therefore inequilibrium, the spring A will force the piston down, so that theconstrictingplunger A will project into the nozzle-orifice, and thusalter the size of the jet of pressure fluid, and the motor will slowdown. When the motor is again beginning to run normally and theexcessive centrifugal action has ceased, the friction-blocks D D will bepulled inward by the springs E E This frees the flanged disk 0 C and theaction of the spring 0 will then rotate that disk, the pulley C, and thescrewed rod B in the opposite direction, so as to again withdraw thevalve B from the outlet B The pressure can then act, as hereinbeforedescribed, to again force up the piston A and withdraw theconstricting-plunger A from the jet-orifice. A stop F on the disk 0encountering a fixed pin F, prevents that disk being turned farther thanis necessary in either direction.

As shown in Fig. 6, the spring A can be dispensed with, the movement ofthe piston part A being effected by making the upper side of that pistonof considerably larger area than the lower projecting end and making thepiston part Work water-tight in the tube B In this modification by-passports B B must be used for the leakage of the pressure fluid, anda smallopening F may be formed through the chamber A direct or with the chamberB or pipe 13 to permit of easy movement of the piston therein and alsoto act as an outlet for any pressure fluid which may leak past theplunger-piston A I claim as my invention 1. In a fluid-pressureimpulse-motor the speed of which is governed by regulating the jet ofpressurefluid, a constricting-plunger, a piston part carrying theplunger part, a chamber in which the said piston part works, meansallowing leakage through said chamber, a valve controlling this leakageand a governor to operate the valve, whereby the pressure in suchchamber is determined according to the speed of the motor, and suchpressure also determines the movements of the constricting-p111 nger,substantially as described.

2. In apparatus for governing fluid-pressure impulsemotors, twoconcentric chambers within the nozzle part, to which the fluid underpressure has access, a piston-plunger and a spring within the innerchamber, means to permit leakage of the pressure fluid into this innerchamber, a valve to control the escape of this leakage from suchchamber, and a governor to operate said valve, substantially asdescribed.

3. In apparatus forgoverningfluid-pressure impulsemotors, two chamberswithin the nozzle part to which the fluid under pressure has access, apiston part within the inner chamber and carrying the plunger, the upperside of this piston part being of larger area than the under side, aby-pass part formed through the piston to permit leakage of the pressurefluid intothe inner chamber, a valve to control the escape of thisleakage from such chamber, a governor to control said valve, and anopening leading from the lower end of the inner chamber to theatmosphere, substantially as described.

4. A nozzle for fluid-pressure impulse-ma tors in combination with aconstricting-plunger, means for allowing a part of the pressure fluid toleak past the plunger and a governing means to regulate such leakage,both means acting together to control the position of theconstricting-plunger in the nozzle, as and for the purpose described. I

5. A governing-nozzle for fiuid-pressureim- .name to this specificationin'the presence of two subscribing witnesses;

JAMES WRIGHT llIACFARL-ANE.

Witnesses DAVID FERGUSON, GEORGE PATTERSON.

